Today Russian tubes are frequently used by enthusiasts all over the world, but it is not always easy to find out what Russian tube that can be used as a replacement for a Western tube. Information from the sellers of these tubes isn’t always accurate, so I have collected data from a Russian book called:

Domestic receiving tubes and their foreign counterparts by: В.Каинельсон, А. С. Ларионов (V. Kainel’son, A. S. Larionov 1981).

I have put the data together in a document over Russian tubes and their western equivalent and possible substitutes, as seen from the Russian side.

The first table in the document has 4 headers, first the russian tube model in cryllic, then the same in western letters, next is called “foreign counterparts, which is the equivalents, the next header is called: some European and American analogues, this is tubes that are near equivalents, but may have different socket, pin layout or other differences.
There also is a table called: possible substitutes, and that is exactly what it is, not equivalents but tubes that can be used as substitutes, if you can’t get the original tube.
All of the data comes from the russian book mentioned above, and I have not checked it in any other ways.

The document can be downloaded from the following link:

Typical substitutes